八、buffer类
1、定义:
buffer(object[, offset[, size]]) The object argument must be an object that supports the buffer call interface (such as strings, arrays, and buffers). A new buffer object will be created which references the object argument. The buffer object will be a slice from the beginning of object (or from the specified offset). The slice will extend to the end of object (or will have a length given by the size argument).
2、解释:输入参数object必须支持缓存调用接口(如字符串、数组、buffer)。用来创建一个引用object参数的新buffer对象, 这个buffer可以是以object参数的一个切片,切片所取的位置由offset、size参数决定。
3、举例:
>>> s = 'Hello world' >>> t = buffer(s, 5, 5) >>> t <read-only buffer for 0x000000000282FE10, size 5, offset 5 at 0x00000000029BBED8> >>> print t worl >>> t = buffer(s, 5, 6) >>> print t world
九、bytearray类
1、定义:
class bytearray(object) | bytearray(iterable_of_ints) -> bytearray. | bytearray(string, encoding[, errors]) -> bytearray. | bytearray(bytes_or_bytearray) -> mutable copy of bytes_or_bytearray. | bytearray(memory_view) -> bytearray. | | Construct an mutable bytearray object from: | - an iterable yielding integers in range(256) | - a text string encoded using the specified encoding | - a bytes or a bytearray object | - any object implementing the buffer API. | | bytearray(int) -> bytearray. | | Construct a zero-initialized bytearray of the given length.
2、解释:将可迭代的int, 特定编码的文本字符串,字节或者一个bytearray对象, 任何继承buffer API的对象变成bytearray(字节流)对象
3、举例:
>>> bytearray(range(2)) bytearray(b'\x00\x01') >>> bytearray('ab') bytearray(b'ab') >>> bytearray(3) bytearray(b'\x00\x00\x00') 注:单独输入整型, 会生成相应长度的字节流
十、bytes对象
1、定义:
class str(basestring) | str(object='') -> string | | Return a nice string representation of the object. | If the argument is a string, the return value is the same object.
2、解释:从定义看, bytes与str 的功能一样:将一个object转换成string。
3、举例:
>>> bytes(u'a') 'a' >>> bytes(2) '2'
十一、callable方法
1、定义:
callable(...) callable(object) -> bool Return whether the object is callable (i.e., some kind of function). Note that classes are callable, as are instances with a __call__() method.
2、解释:判断一个object是否可调用,如可以调用如:方法,以及有__call__()函数的类与对象,返回True, 否则返回False。
3、举例:
>>> callable(help) True >>> callable(dir) True >>> callable('a') False >>> callable(1) False
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